use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, Mul, Neg, Sub};
use rand::distributions::{Distribution, Uniform};

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct Vec3 { x: f64, y: f64, z: f64 }

pub type Point3 = Vec3;
pub type Color = Vec3;

impl Vec3 {
    pub fn new(x: f64, y: f64, z: f64) -> Vec3 { Vec3 {x, y, z} }
    pub fn x(&self) -> f64 { self.x }
    pub fn y(&self) -> f64 { self.y }
    pub fn z(&self) -> f64 { self.z }
    pub fn length_squared(&self) -> f64 {
        self.x * self.x + self.y * self.y + self.z * self.z
    }
    pub fn length(&self) -> f64 { self.distance(&Vec3::default()) }
    pub fn unit_vector(&self) -> Vec3 {
        let length = self.length();
        Vec3::new(self.x / length, self.y / length, self.z / length)
    }
    pub fn dot(&self, v:&Vec3) -> f64 {
        self.x * v.x + self.y * v.y + self.z * v.z
    }
    pub fn cross(&self, v:&Vec3) -> Vec3 {
        Vec3::new(
            self.y * v.z - self.z * v.y,
            self.z * v.x - self.x * v.z,
            self.x * v.y - self.y * v.x
        )
    }
    pub fn distance(&self, other: &Vec3) -> f64 {
        let dx = self.x - other.x();
        let dy = self.y - other.y();
        let dz = self.z - other.z();
        (dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz).sqrt()
    }

    pub fn random(min: f64, max:f64) -> Self {
        let between = Uniform::from(min..max);
        let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
        Vec3::new(
            between.sample(&mut rng),
            between.sample(&mut rng),
            between.sample(&mut rng))
    }
    pub fn random_in_unit_sphere() -> Self {
        loop {
            let v = Vec3::random(-1.0, 1.0);
            if v.length_squared() < 1.0 {
                return v;
            }
        }
    }
    pub fn random_in_hemisphere(normal: &Vec3) -> Self {
        let vec = Vec3::random_in_unit_sphere();
        if vec.dot(normal) > 0.0 {
            vec
        } else {
            -vec
        }
    }
    pub fn random_unit_vector() -> Self { Vec3::random_in_unit_sphere().unit_vector() }
    pub fn near_zero(&self) -> bool {
        const MAXIMUM_DISTANCE_FROM_ZERO:f64 = 1e-8;
        self.x.abs() < MAXIMUM_DISTANCE_FROM_ZERO &&
            self.y.abs() < MAXIMUM_DISTANCE_FROM_ZERO &&
            self.z.abs() < MAXIMUM_DISTANCE_FROM_ZERO
    }
    pub fn reflected(&self, normal: &Vec3) -> Vec3 {
        let dp = self.dot(normal);
        let dp = dp * 2.0 * (*normal);
        *self - dp
    }
    pub fn refract(&self, normal: &Vec3, etai_over_etat: f64) -> Vec3 {
        let dot = (-(*self)).dot(normal);
        let cos_theta = dot.min(1.0);
        let out_perp = etai_over_etat * ((*self) + cos_theta * (*normal));
        let inner =  1.0 - out_perp.length_squared();
        let abs = inner.abs();
        let r = -(abs.sqrt());
        out_parallel = r * (*normal);
        out_perp + out_parallel
    }
    pub fn refract_sort_of_works(&self, normal: &Vec3, etai_over_etat: f64) -> Vec3 {
        let dot = (-(*self)).dot(normal);
        let cos_theta = dot.min(1.0);
        let out_perp = etai_over_etat * ((*self) + cos_theta * (*normal));
        let inner =  1.0 - out_perp.length_squared();
        let abs = inner.abs();
        let r = -(abs.sqrt());
        let out_parallel = r * (*normal);
        // Why?
        let mut res = out_perp + out_parallel;
        res.x = -res.x;
        //res.y = -res.y;
        res.z = -res.z;
        res
    }
}

#[test]
fn test_refract() {
    let uv = Point3::new(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
    let n = Point3::new(-1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    let etai_over_etat = 1.0;
    let expected = Point3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
    let actual = uv.refract_orig( &n, etai_over_etat);
    assert_eq!(actual, expected);
}

impl Color {
    pub fn write_color(self: Color, samples_per_pixel: i32) {
        let scale = 1.0 / samples_per_pixel as f64;
        let r = f64::sqrt(scale * self.x);
        let g = f64::sqrt(scale * self.y);
        let b = f64::sqrt(scale * self.z);
        let r = 256.0 * f64::clamp(r, 0.0, 0.999);
        let g = 256.0 * f64::clamp(g, 0.0, 0.999);
        let b = 256.0 * f64::clamp(b, 0.0, 0.999);
        println!("{} {} {}", r as i32, g as i32, b as i32);
    }
}

impl Default for Vec3 {
    fn default() -> Self { Vec3 {x: 0.0, y: 0.0, z: 0.0} }
}

impl Display for Vec3 {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{} {} {}", self.x, self.y, self.z)
    }
}

impl Add for Vec3 {
    type Output = Vec3;

    fn add(self, other: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
        Vec3 {
            x: self.x + other.x(),
            y: self.y + other.y(),
            z: self.z + other.z(),
        }
    }
}

impl AddAssign for Vec3 {
    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
        self.x += rhs.x;
        self.y += rhs.y;
        self.z += rhs.z;
    }
}

impl Sub for Vec3 {
    type Output = Vec3;

    fn sub(self, other: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
        Vec3 {
            x: self.x - other.x(),
            y: self.y - other.y(),
            z: self.z - other.z(),
        }
    }
}

impl Sub for &Vec3 {
    type Output = Vec3;

    fn sub(self, other: &Vec3) -> Vec3 {
        Vec3 {
            x: self.x - other.x(),
            y: self.y - other.y(),
            z: self.z - other.z(),
        }
    }
}

impl Neg for Vec3 {
    type Output = Vec3;

    fn neg(self) -> Vec3 {
        Vec3 {
            x: -self.x,
            y: -self.y,
            z: -self.z,
        }
    }
}

impl Mul<Vec3> for Vec3 {
    type Output = Vec3;

    fn mul(self, other: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
        Vec3 {
            x: self.x * other.x(),
            y: self.y * other.y(),
            z: self.z * other.z(),
        }
    }
}

impl Mul<f64> for Vec3 {
    type Output = Vec3;

    fn mul(self, other: f64) -> Vec3 {
        Vec3 {
            x: self.x * other,
            y: self.y * other,
            z: self.z * other,
        }
    }
}

impl Mul<Vec3> for f64 {
    type Output = Vec3;

    fn mul(self, other: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
        other * self
    }
}

impl Div<Vec3> for Vec3 {
    type Output = Vec3;

    fn div(self, other: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
        Vec3 {
            x: self.x / other.x(),
            y: self.y / other.y(),
            z: self.z / other.z(),
        }
    }
}

impl Div<f64> for Vec3 {
    type Output = Vec3;

    fn div(self, other: f64) -> Vec3 {
        Vec3 {
            x: self.x / other,
            y: self.y / other,
            z: self.z / other,
        }
    }
}

impl PartialEq for Vec3 {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Vec3) -> bool {
        self.x == other.x() && self.y == other.y() && self.z == other.z()
    }
}